Variables

Number (Percentage)

OR

95% CI for OR

p-value

Case

Control

Lower

Upper

Gender

-Female

-Male

65(72.2) 25(27.8)

90

187(69.3)

83(30.7)

270

1.15 1

0.68

1.96

0.69

Age

-Over 60 yrs.

-Under 60 yrs.

52(57.8)

38(42.2)

90

158(58.5)

112(41.5)

270

0.97 1

0.60

1.57

0.90

Diabetic Medication

-Injected Medication

-Oral Medication

72(80.0)

18(20.0)

90

119(44.1)

151(55.9)

270

5.08 1

2.87

8.97

0.001^*

Duration of Medication

-Over 5 yrs.

-Under 5 yrs.

23(25.6)

67(74.4)

90

68(25.2)

202(74.8)

270

1.02 1

0.59

1.76

0.94

Duration of Diabetes

-Over 5 yrs.

-Under 5 yrs.

71(78.9)

19(21.1)

90

139(51.5)

131(48.5)

270

3.52 1

2.01

6.16

0.001^*

Total Cholesterol Level

-Total Cholesterol Levelover or equal to 201 mg/dl (Abnormal)

-Total Cholesterol Levelbetween 100 mg/dl and 200 mg/dl (Normal)

39(43.3)

51(56.7)

90

77(28.5)

193(71.5)

270

1.92 1

1.17

3.14

0.01^*

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Test

-BUN over, or, equal to 21 mg/dl (Abnormal)

-BUN between 12 mg/dl and 20 mg/dl (Normal)

59(65.6)

31(34.4)

90

129(47.8)

141(52.2)

270

2.08 1

1.27

3.42

0.003^*

Serum Creatinine (Cr) Test

-Cr between 0.6 mg/dl and 1.3 mg/dl(Abnormal)

-Cr of over, or, equal to 1.2 mg/dl (Normal)

66(73.3)

24(26.7)

90

156(57.8)

114(42.2)

270

2.01 1

1.19

3.40

0.01^*

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) Test

-HbA1C of over, or, equal to 7% (Abnormal)

-HbA1C between 4% and 7% (Normal)

39(43.3)

51(56.7)

90

116(43.0)

154(57.0)

270

1.02 1

0.63

1.64

0.95

Co-morbidities

-Co-morbidities (such as Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease and Chronic Renal Failure)

-No Co-morbidities

84(93.3)

6(6.7)

90

215(79.6)

55(20.4)

270

3.58 1

1.49

8.63

0.03^*

Occurrence of Hypoglycemia at Home within Past Week

-At least once.

-Never.

54(60.0)

36(40.0)

90

30(11.1)

240(88.9)

270

12.0 1

6.80

21.16

0.001^*